Scaled fish (tilapia, red tilapia, snakehead) easily catch hemorrhagic disease from Streptococcus/Aeromonas (exophthalmia, darkening, ulcers) and parasites when ponds are foul and hot. Solution: stable environment + immunity + treat the right bacterium.
Scaled fish (tilapia, red tilapia, snakehead) need: (1) a stable pond with SOILMAX New/MAX 4000 probiotics and YUCCA C for toxic gas; (2) immunity and liver support with AQUAMOS, BETAGLUCAN GRO, HERB GUARD; (3) hemorrhage treatment — Streptococcus (exophthalmia, spiral swimming) or Aeromonas (hemorrhage, ulcers) with OXYTETRA, FLOR-MAX, SULTRI AQUA by agent; parasites with AQUA PRAZI; disinfect with WORK 80/POWER GLUTA. Observe withdrawal.
Tilapia, red tilapia and snakehead are hardy in ponds/cages but easily break out with hemorrhagic disease in heat, high density and a waste-laden bottom.
A foul bottom and toxic gas stress fish and invite hemorrhagic infection. Bottom probiotics + gas removal + exchange keep the pond stable.
Exophthalmia and spiral swimming usually mean Streptococcus; hemorrhage and ulcers usually mean Aeromonas. Identify the agent to pick an effective antibiotic.
Prevention beats cure: regular immunity and liver support help fish resist heat and bacterial pressure, reducing antibiotic use.
SOILMAX New + MAX 4000 for the bottom; YUCCA C when gas is high; exchange + oxygen in hot season.
AQUAMOS + BETAGLUCAN GRO + HERB GUARD regularly; CANFORTA for vitamins.
Streptococcus (exophthalmia) → OXYTETRA / SULTRI AQUA; Aeromonas (ulcers) → FLOR-MAX / OXYTETRA.
AQUA PRAZI for flukes and Trichodina; combine with water disinfection.
WORK 80 / POWER GLUTA on outbreak, then re-seed probiotics. Observe withdrawal.
SOILMAX NewConcentrated bottom probiotics, decompose organics, cut toxic gas
MAX 4000Broad-salinity probiotics, strong at low-oxygen bottom, cut NH3/NO2/H2S
NIAZYMEClean water & bottom, remove toxic gas, build water color
AQUA PRO4000XBroad-salinity probiotics treat bottom/water, control algae — fresh & marine
UNPARA ABIProbiotics clean the pond bottom, decompose detritus, build good water color
YUCCA CFast NH3 absorption, anti-shock, stabilize environment
AQUA BLOCKSettle silt & dead algae, cut toxic gas, clarify pond water
PRO GUTPrevent gut disease, neutralize toxins, restore gut wall
BIOMAXYeast boosts immunity, balances gut microbiome
AQUAMOSYeast nutrients stimulate immunity, healthy gut, faster growth
BETAGLUCAN GROBeta-glucan boosts health, stimulates natural immunity
CLEVERSuppress opportunistic gut bacteria (Vibrio)Use under guidance, observe withdrawal.
OXYTETRATreats Aeromonas/Pseudomonas hemorrhage; Vibrio luminescence
FLOR-MAXFlorfenicol for bacillary necrosis (Edwardsiella ictaluri)
SULTRI AQUAAntibiotic for Vibrio luminescence, red-spot/hemorrhage
TETRA-CAntibiotic + vitamin C — treat infection, support immunity
DOXYPABroad-spectrum doxycycline for severe infection
AQUA PRAZITreats parasites: monogeneans, gill flukes, fish liceClick to read the full translation. Open-access papers fully translated; copyrighted papers summarized from abstract.
Queiróz et al., 2024, Animals (MDPI)
Finding: A single vaccine dose protected tilapia against S. agalactiae for up to 300 days, with relative survival ≥67% and a 94% peak on day 150.
Different angle: One dose can cover most of a 6–10 month tilapia crop against streptococcosis, but waning antibody after 180 days means baseline immunity support remains essential.
Streptococcosis (S. agalactiae) — pop-eye, erratic swimming, hemorrhage — is a leading tilapia threat. 250 juveniles were monitored over 300 days; vaccinated fish were challenged with strain SA583-19. RPS: 71% (d15), 93% (d30), 94% (d150 peak), 70% (d180), 86% (d210), 67% (d300); unvaccinated mortality 65–90% vs under 35%. IgM peaked at d30 and stayed significant to d180. One dose protects ~10 months — enough for a long crop.
Nakharuthai et al., 2023, Animals (MDPI)
Finding: Bacillus subtilis strain B29 (tilapia gut) inhibited Aeromonas hydrophila, S. agalactiae and S. iniae, raising phagocytic activity to 31.4% vs 19.8% control.
Different angle: Bacillus probiotics suppress both Aeromonas and Streptococcus while activating innate immunity, enabling antibiotic-free prevention.
Facing antibiotic resistance, native Bacillus from tilapia gut was screened. From 100 isolates, 13 Bacillus were identified; strain B29 inhibited all three pathogens (A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, S. iniae). Phagocytic activity: control 19.80%, wild-type 31.40%, recombinant 41.21%; lysozyme rose at days 15/30. Even wild-type B29 strongly raised immunity and suppressed both Aeromonas and Streptococcus.
Koch et al., 2021, Fish & Shellfish Immunology
Finding: 0.1% yeast beta-glucan raised innate immunity and resistance to S. iniae; controls survived 60% vs 80% in beta-glucan groups, with no mortality at 45 days.
Different angle: Yeast beta-glucan is a feed immunostimulant building baseline resistance to streptococcosis, complementing vaccines as antibody wanes.
Translated from the abstract — full paper restricted by the publisher on the original page.
The study tested whether feeding duration of 0.1% yeast beta-glucan (MacroGard) affects immunity in Nile tilapia (0, 15, 30, 45 days). Regardless of duration, beta-glucan raised plasma/liver/gut lysozyme and respiratory burst, improving resistance to S. iniae (persisting 10 days post-feeding). Controls survived 60% vs ~80% (15/30-day groups), with no mortality at 45 days. Benefit is independent of when feeding starts.
Munir et al., 2018, Fish & Shellfish Immunology
Finding: In snakehead (Channa striata), dietary probiotics/prebiotics improved blood parameters and resistance to A. hydrophila, with Lactobacillus acidophilus best.
Different angle: Snakehead often dies from Aeromonas hemorrhage; feed probiotics/prebiotics boost blood health and resistance for antibiotic-free prevention.
Translated from the abstract — full paper restricted by the publisher on the original page.
Dietary prebiotics and probiotics were tested in snakehead (Channa striata) against A. hydrophila: 16 weeks supplemented then 8 weeks unsupplemented. Probiotics (S. cerevisiae, L. acidophilus) and prebiotics (beta-glucan, GOS, MOS) significantly improved RBC, WBC, PCV, hemoglobin and serum protein; resistance was highest with L. acidophilus, persisting 8 weeks post-feeding. A basis for proactive, antibiotic-reduced prevention.
Exophthalmia and spiral swimming usually mean Streptococcus — use OXYTETRA or SULTRI AQUA per dose, with water disinfection (WORK 80) and liver protection (HERB GUARD). Reduce density, boost oxygen, ease heat stress.
Hemorrhage and ulcers usually mean Aeromonas — use FLOR-MAX or OXYTETRA, disinfect with WORK 80 / POWER GLUTA, then re-seed probiotics and boost immunity. Observe withdrawal.
Heat destabilizes algae, drops night oxygen, raises toxic gas and stresses fish — favorable for Streptococcus/Aeromonas. Stabilize with probiotics, boost oxygen and raise immunity before the peak.
Trichodina, flukes, fish lice → use AQUA PRAZI with WORK COP Plus or POWER GLUTA, then re-seed probiotics and add immunity support.
Than Vuong technical team — free protocol consultation for your pond/cage, 24h response.
Aquaculture Q&A
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