Whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is an economically valuable aquaculture commodity but still faces problems due to disease and growth performance. Extract from *sâm đại hành* has been shown to protect shrimp from disease.
Sâm đại hành
High demand for whiteleg shrimp has encouraged various farming centers to increase production through intensification. Intensive farming of whiteleg shrimp not supported by a good system and technology can cause various obstacles, especially problems related to disease. A common disease in whiteleg shrimp is a disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio harveyi.
Many efforts have been made to prevent V. harveyi infection in whiteleg shrimp farming, such as using herbal medicines. The use of medicinal herbs in aquaculture has become popular due to simple and inexpensive extraction processes, and the products are safe for animals and the aquatic environment. The use of medicinal plants can prevent bacterial infections because they contain antimicrobial compounds and substances that improve the immune system in organisms. One of the herbal plants that can be used to prevent V. harveyi infection in shrimp is the extract of *sâm đại hành*. *Sâm đại hành* extract contains compounds such as Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Quinones, Steroids, and Triterpenoids, which can inhibit the metabolism of V. harveyi bacteria. The content of these substances can stimulate the immune system. *Sâm đại hành* also has antibacterial and antioxidant effects.
Recent studies have shown that *sâm đại hành* extract can improve shrimp growth performance and immune response, and inhibit the growth of V. harveyi cells.
The experiment was conducted for 90 days by adding *sâm đại hành* extract to feed at a dosage of 40g/kg feed. The feed was mixed with *sâm đại hành* extract, along with 3% carboxymethyl cellulose and water.
Research results showed that after a 90-day maintenance period, shrimp supplemented with *sâm đại hành* extract twice a week reached a final weight of 22.72 g/individual, while control shrimp only reached 16.62 g/individual. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in shrimp supplemented with *sâm đại hành* extract was also lower than that of the control group.
Supplementing the diet with *sâm đại hành* extract twice a week at a dose of 40 g/kg feed can improve shrimp growth. The improved growth performance observed with *sâm đại hành* extract supplementation in the shrimp diet is attributed to the presence of components that play a role in shrimp feed digestion. *Sâm đại hành* extract contains phytochemicals in the form of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids. Some studies have found that plant components are not only bioactive compounds against pathogens but also nutrients such as amino acids, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. All these components play a role in increasing appetite, promoting metabolism, and improving enzyme activity in the digestive tract, thereby making the digestion process more efficient, leading to growth. The addition of herbal components to feed has antibacterial, antifungal, and immune-stimulating effects on the body, and can also increase appetite because it contains appetite-enhancing components.
Detailed reference: http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/pjbs/2019/15-20.pdf
